Cigarette butts make up 12% of aquatic litter, global review finds

Cigarette butts account for roughly 12% of the litter found in rivers, lakes and beaches surveyed for a recent global review. Researchers pooled data from 130 studies conducted in 55 countries between 2013 and 2024. Across all ecosystems, including both aquatic and terrestrial, researchers found on average a density of 1 cigarette butt every 4 square meters, or roughly 1 butt every 43 square feet. The proportion was even higher in aquatic ecosystems. Researchers found that roughly one out of every nine pieces of litter, or 12%, of litter found in aquatic ecosystems was from cigarettes. In some studied coastal sites in Iran, Chile, Brazil and Peru, more than half of all the litter was cigarette butts. “This shows the impact that a seemingly everyday human activity can leave even in some of the environments we try hardest to preserve,” lead author Victor Vasques Ribeiro, a researcher at Brazil’s Federal University of São Paulo, told Mongabay by email. Cigarette filters are made of cellulose acetate, a plastic that can break down into microplastics, while the rest of the partially burnt butt — paper, ash and leftover tobacco — can leach toxic substances such as heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), nicotine, and phenolic compounds into water. “It’s often described as a kind of ‘chemical bomb’: when it comes into contact with water, these substances can be released and cause severe toxic effects in different animals,” Ribeiro said. Beaches were identified as a main hotspot for contamination, likely because they’re recreation…This article was originally published on

Mongabay